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Within the European Union (EU) effects,
such as congestion, have been felt for
many years; many cities within the EU have been taking measures to reduce their impacts. The European cities involved in MAIN - Liverpool in the United Kingdom, Aalborg in Denmark, and Naples in Italy - have built up a great deal of experience in dealing with this problem and others. Ningbo is the Chinese Partner City. A range of hard and soft measures have been implemented in the Main partner cities

Experience that has been built up within the European Union was presented in a seminar held in Ningbo on the 1st & 2nd July 2004: this was a unique forum for meeting with and learning from representatives of local authorities, public transport companies and experts from China and Europe. Their knowledge and experience should assist with the development of decision-making tools in Government and Industry.

The seminar had presentations on Intelligent Public Transport Systems in both Europe and China as well as presentations on Sustainable Mobility issues. The MAIN partners gave introductions to their own cities to give an insight into their cities, their transport problems and policies, and to their public transport systems. In addition, there were workshops covering a range of topics, which were presented by different experts and practitioners from Europe. These presentations used case studies drawn from the European context. European experts and practitioners ran workshops on the following topics; IPTS Technology: Communications; IPTS Technology: Displays; Introducing Sustainable Mobility Policies; Evaluating Transport Policy.